The Similarities between Jesus and Adam

It is obvious that Islam never against their followers from celebrating non-Muslim religious festival especially if they are invited. Moreover, a good Muslim must keep his relationship with others either with his family or his neighbors or his colleagues regardless their belief. Thus, religion should not be the reasons for breaking family relationship or to create inharmonic society.

Regarding Christmas, a Muslim can do anything for showing their respect to Christians, followers like visiting, giving a present, except to say ‘merry Christmas’. This is because that word against the Muslim faith.

Being a Muslim means he must obey what have been told by his god. At particular issue, A Muslim has to believe the existence of Jesus as one of the main prophets, but, their version of him is quite different than what are believed by Christian follower.

In Islam, Jesus is not considered to be a son of god, but he is a normal human with special creation. He was born without a father. It is not amazing thing if we relate it to Allah power. He can do anything easily include creating a human without a father. In Jesus creation, Allah gives the simple parable in Quran about Jesus as follows:-

إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ

Indeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created Him from the dust; then He said to him, "Be," and he was. (Ali-Imran: 59)

Based on this versus, Allah just give the simple analogy, how he creates Jesus like Adam. If Adam was born without father and mother and then it is easier for Allah to create Jesus that still has his mother.

In the Quran, Allah has mentioned words Adam 25 times. Interestingly, the account is same for the number of words, Jesus, showing that the strong relationship between both.

Through the Quran, we can find many similarities between Adam and Jesus as follows:-

Both are mentioned before created

Before Allah creates Adam, he has informed to others as he said:

[So mention] when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I am going to create a human being from clay. ( As-sod : 71)

Like Jesus, Allah also sent the angel to tell Mary (Jesus mother) that she will give birth:

[And mention] when the angels said, "O Mary, indeed Allah gives you good tidings of a word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary - distinguished in this world and the Hereafter and among those brought near [to Allah]. (Ali-Imran: 45)

Both are from God’s soul.

After Allah had formed Adam, he was breathed by Allah spirit as been told in the Quran:-

So when I have proportioned him and breathed into him of My [created] soul, then fall down to him in prostration."( As-Sod: 72)

And the same thing has been done to Jesus.

And [mention] the one who guarded her chastity, so We blew into her [garment] through Our angel [Gabriel], and We made her and her son a sign for the worlds. (Al-Anbiya’: 91)

Both are born without a father

The clear similarity between Adam and Jesus is both are created without a father.

And We have certainly created you, [O Mankind], and given you [human] form. Then We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam"; so they prostrated, except for Iblees. He was not of those who prostrated. (Al-‘Arof:11)

The argument after created.

When Allah told heaven, creation to create Adam, angles was costing him while after Adam was complete, Iblis refused to respect him.

I had no knowledge of the exalted assembly [of angels] when they were disputing [the creation of Adam]. (As-Sod: 69)

As for Jesus, people around him also are questioning his mother.

Then she brought him to her people, carrying him. They said, "O Mary, you have certainly done a thing unprecedented. ( Maryam: 27)

Allah has taught both

After created, Adam has been taught by Allah about all the names:-

And He taught Adam the names - all of them. Then He showed them to the angels and said, "Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful." (Al-Baqarah: 31)

Like Jesus, he also learned the wisdom from Allah.

And He will teach him writing and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel (Ali-Imran: 48)

The journey between land and sky

Adam was created in heaven and after making the mistakes, then he was sent to earth. Meanwhile Jesus was born in the earth, but at the end of his life, Allah saved him by raising him to the heaven.

Women in Islam : Testimony ( Part 5 )

“Why Islam considers women's testimony to be half of one man’s testimony?”

This is the main example of the inequality in Islam as claimed by Skeptics. Moreover, they also accuse this religion reject women as the witness in criminal case.

To answer this allegation, it is important to stress that the main objectives of Islam are to promote well-being for human and repel harm from them. The clearest example would be on how Islamic laws such as in murdered, adultery, accusation for adultery, robbery and theft that lie in safeguarding people faith, their human self (din), their human self (nafs), their intellect (aql), their posterity (nasl) and their wealth (mal). As the punishment are very harsh Islamic, the way to prove the culprit also strict in order to avoid mistakes in jurist process.

Thus, in testimony, the main condition for a witness is their trustworthy. It is clearly mentioned in chapter Al-Hujurat as follows:-

“O ye who believe! If a wicked person comes to you with any news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done.” ( Al-Hujurat : 6 )

As for female witness in criminal cases, even the majority of Muslim classical scholars view that their testimony are not accepted, but there are a few of them like Az-zohiri against it as there are no clear supported  versus in Quran and Hadith. It means it still opened for discussion.

On the other hand, when majority of them refuse to accept woman as the witness, it not because of discrimination, but in order to protect women and others. In fact, the nature of women, they are more influenced by their emotion. For example, most of the women are closing her eyes or running away in panic when they are seeing the bloodshed or crimes. Thus, it is difficult for them to give a reliable account of the crime.

In addition, they also not reject women's testimony totally but their statement have to be investigated and strengthened with other evidences. If the testament is strong, then there is no reason for a jurist to acquit the real culprit.

Regarding for financial matters, it is true one of the versus in Al-Baqarah show the status of women witness as follows:-

(O ye who believe! When ye deal with each other, in transactions involving future obligations in a fixed period of time, reduce them to writing. Let a scribe write down faithfully as between the parties: let not the scribe refuse to write: as Allah Has taught him, so let him write. Let him who incurs the liability dictate, but let him fear His Lord, Allah, and not diminish aught of what he owes. If they party liable is mentally deficient, or weak, or unable Himself to dictate, let his guardian dictate faithfully, and get two witnesses, out of your own men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as ye choose, for witnesses, so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her.) (Al-Baqarah 2:282)

However, the reason to make the testimony of a man equal to the testimony of two women due to women nature and their circumstance instead of their integrity. For example, most of the women focus on motherhood or the household. As the result, they are no experience in handling these matters since financial issue are difficult to understand. Thus, Allah commands creditors if they want to verify the value of debt to seek the testimony of two men or one man and two women. The Qur'an puts it unambiguously:

(so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her.) (Al-Baqarah 2:282)

But having said that, the financial cases are not too strict as criminal cases as Islam also accept one witness coupled with oath and also the witness of non-Muslim. Thus, this versus not means women’s testimony is rejected totally. 

Women In Islam : Inheritance ( Part 4 )

Inheritance in Islam is claimed by skeptics as the obvious example of women discrimination. They said it is totally unfair when women only deserve ½ from the amount that given to men, even both are from the same family.

But having said that, according to the Islamic inheritance laws, there are situations which women inherit more than men and also women inherit while the men get nothing. As for the former, it happens when a person dies leaving one full sister and three half-brothers (by the father). In this case, the full sister gets half of the deceased wealth while the other half will be divided equally among the three half-brothers. As for the later, it occurs when a wife dies, leaving a husband, a full sister and a brother of her father. In this situation, the husband gets half and another half will be given to the sister while the half-brother gets nothing at all.

The case that argued by Islamic skeptic as the women discrimination, happen when the inheritance is divided between a sister and a brother or a daughter and a son. In this case, women just deserve to own ½ compared to their partner who get full.

In term of equality, this type of division seems unjust, however in term of put the thing in the right place, absolutely it is the best solution to manage the deceased wealth. Thus, the inheritance should not be looked at how Islam divides the wealth, but the responsibility between gender also needs to be considered.

In Islam, men are solely responsible for everything. For example, the man has to pay the bridal money or dower gift to the bride. After that, all of household expenses and wife necessary are in his responsibility. Failing to fulfill this task, they can be declared as unqualified husband by the court if their wife makes the complaint. If he is single, he also must take care for his sister (if she not married), his mother and his father (if they are unable to work).

The situation completely reverses for women.  Firstly, they are not asked to pay anything for their marriage instead of receive the bridal money. Secondly, if she works, she possesses full of her money and her husband is not permitted to take her money.

In conclusion, Islam provides the best solution for human problem rather than promote the equality.

Women In Islam : Fairness or equality? ( Part 3 )

When some people claim that Islamic treatments for women are unfair, they must have their own reasons, but we have to question, first of all, what is meant by 'fairness' since different view for one word might yield the different outcome for the whole issue.

If they consider fairness to be the equality, it means that we are not in similar perspective. In Islam, the absolute definition for this word is to place things in their rightful place. As the result, the equality might be a part of the fair, but it is not necessarily equality means fairness.

In particular issue, the differences between men and women are not only in physical, but also in emotion. In fact, most of the women are influenced by their emotional rather than their rational and vice versa. Therefore, there are a few roles or tasks that played by men should be unalike than their spouses. It is not determined by religion, but the nature itself.

Thus, Islam is a true natural religion has chosen to say both men and women complete each other in their life rather than say they are equal.

Women and the right to divorce

The divorce issue in Islam might be considered the main argument to prove that Islam doesn't provide the justice for genders. In fact, it is true that only husband own the decision to divorce her wife, but In Islam divorce is not the only way to break the husband-wife relationship. Apart from Talak (divorce), there are khulu’ and  fasakh that also be given to female if she want to end her married status.

What makes Talak different than others is it is prompt decision to break the relationship and only involve between Men and their spouse compared to others that need the judgment from the court. In a few cases, Talak is an amicable way to settle inner problem without involve many parties.

It is obvious that men are less influential compared to women. Thus, the power of talak should be held by him as Islam considered men to be the leader of the family. In fact, the journey of husband-wife relationship full with various challenges and could not avoid from emotional influence. So, not surprisingly, talak is on men’s hand since they are stronger impatient to handle the problem.

Men are leader for women

Another misunderstanding would be on the versus “Men are leader of women”. Most of the people even Muslim understand this versus means that men are always top on women. In other words, no wonder how much stronger or talent of the women, at the end they have to be under men's power.

In fact, it is true that in some situations we could not deny that women are more talent, more responsible and have better character than their counterparts and Islam is not against it. Based on this versus, the problem are not from it, but from those who are trying to interpret it without enough knowledge in Arabic language principal, coupled with bad intention.

The versus have to be read completely as follows

“ Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend ( for maintenance) from their wealth”. ( An-Nisa’ : 34 )

According to the whole phrase in the versus, Quran describe the word ‘men’ as those who are better than women, means if men want to be the leader of the women they have to prove themselves better than their partners. Moreover, the second condition for qualifying them to be the leader is they have to spend their property for the support of women.

Meanwhile, based on grammatical Arab, the word ar-rijal ( men ) consist with ‘alif lam’, In Arabic, ‘alif lam’ show that the word is specific. Therefore, when Allah said ar-rijal, it not means men in general, but it refers to men who are the leader for their wives.

 

Women In Islam : The status of daughter and mother ( Part 2 )

It is clear that Al-Quran shows the equality between men and women in important positions such as husband-wife relationship, hereafter rewards and possessing the wealth. Thus, it is enough to reject the claim that Islam treats women as the second status. In contrast, there are two privileges that only been given for females as follows:-

Special reward for growing up the daughters.

Before Islamic era, Arab societies had considered females to be the burden for family. At that time, most father felt insulted when their wives gave birth a girl. As the result, many baby girl have been killed for the sake of family dignity. However, the situation completely changed after the presence of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as Islam strongly against the physical abuse for women.

Moreover, the Prophet (PBUH) has raised the status of women since they are children. A good example would be the prophet’s promise for those who own the daughter will get special rewards from Allah as follows:-

"He who raises two daughters until their puberty will be with me in Paradise like this", and he symbolized the proximity by showing two of his fingers with a slight gap between them." (Muslim)

“He who is involved (in the responsibility) of (nurturing) daughters and is generous to them, will have them as a fortification for himself against the Hellfire.” (Al-Bukhari & Muslim)

The status of Mother.

The female's honour are continuing when they get married and give birth to a child. In Islam, a mother has the special position as mentioned in the Al-Quran:-

"And his carrying and his weaning is in thirty months"( Al-Ahqof :15)

This versus describes the hardships suffered by the mother for her baby. As the result, Islam grants mother more right than father. Moreover, The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) shows a beautiful example of the noble position of the mother:  

A man came to the Prophet and said: O Messenger of Allah! Who from amongst mankind warrants the best companionship from me? He replied: "Your mother." The man asked: Then who? So he replied: "Your mother." The man then asked: Then who? So the Prophet replied again: "Your mother." The man then asked: Then who? So he replied: "Then your father." ( Al-Bukhori and Muslim )

Women in Islam : Don't judge by Muslim practices ( Part 1 )

Some people try to portray Islam as a religion which not appreciate women. Moreover, they argue that women in Islam are treated as the second class person such as unfair dividing for the inherited wealth, no right to address their choice for marriage and disallowed to raise their voice in politics.

Even in Islamic laws, women are burdened with a few obligations that not required for men such as cover the whole of their body. In extreme cases, they said men can abuse their wives for their desire with women have no choice to say 'no'. In other words, women just a tool for men.

In fact, it is bias to judge Islam based on Muslim cultures or their practices. Obviously, what are Muslim doing nowadays, not all of them are linear with Islamic teaching, even not surprising to say most of them against to Quran and Hadith.

Thus, to understand Islam and its teaching, we have to refer its main sources which are Quran and Hadith. As for the general principle, we look to Quran while to know how this religion has been practiced, they should find out through the prophet teaching or hadith.

Regarding women, there are a few versus in Quran mention about them in general. For example, the relationship between husband and wife is described by Allah as follows:-

“They are your garments and ye are their garments” (Al-Baqarah: 187)

It is interesting to say that Allah gives a fascinating parable between spouses as the remnant which means it is needed by people either to protect their body and to show their status. Thus, it shows that women are important to men as women also need their spouse.

In other versus:-

And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect. ( Rom: 21)

In this versus, Allah say how women are the person who can take comfort in for men. He also create love and mercy among spouses. In conclusion, Both complete each other as no body can say Islam look down the women.

Meanwhile, as for their act and worship, Allah said

For Muslim men and women, - for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise, - for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward. ( Al-Ahzab: 35).

Meanwhile in another versus, Allah stress:-

"He that works evil will not be requited but by the like thereof: and he that works a righteous deed - whether man or woman - and is a Believer- such will enter the Garden (of Bliss): Therein will they have abundance without measure” (Al-Ghofir: 40)

According to these versus, all of the practices are specified clearly with both of them deserve to get forgiveness and award from Allah. It means that Allah never differentiate between men and women based on their gender.

As for possessing wealth, Allah said:-

To men is allotted what they earn, and to women what they earn.. ( Nisa’: 32)

It is clear that wealth's principle in Islam, every person has a right to own their fortune as long as they work hard to achieve it.   

To be continue... 

  

From mayor to the great leader.

After the abolition of caliph system, the Muslim land was divided into many countries according to their nation. Eventually, nowadays, there are more than 50 Muslim countries all over the world. Although becoming independent, most of the Muslim countries are still not achieve a proper standard of ideal country. Underdevelopment, corruption, famine in some cases, a non-sustainable environment, dictatorships and other sociopolitical and economical calamities are synonymous with Muslim countries as their leaders need to carry a good part of the blame.

However, in recent decades, the emerging of Recep Toyyib Erdorgan (Turkish President), Mahmood Ahmadinejad (Previous Iran President) and Joko Widodo (Indonesian President) has changed people’ perception toward Muslim leaders.  Their charismatic through words or works not only has influenced local citizen, but also admired by Muslims around the world regardless the different political ideology. 

Why did people respect them? A number of reasons might have been put forward for this, but by far, the apparent similarity among them is an excellent track - record as mayor before elected as the country’s leader.

Erdogan for instance, after winning in local election in 1994 and elected as the mayor of Istanbul, he showed his impressive reputation to solve chronic problem in that city. Over the period of his governance, even he was criticized by secularist for banning alcohol in city cafe, but they also admitted  the significant reformations by Erdorgan such as tackling water shortage, reducing pollution and unraveling the traffic congestion.

Erdogan : The current Turkish President

Unlike Erdorgan and Jokowi, Ahmadinejad maybe unpopular among some of Muslim Sunnis. They claimed that Ahmadinejad only attracted others through his harsh words to western leaders especially the USA. However, in fact, Ahmadinejad has proven his leadership through his record as a mayor. Before elected as the Iran president, Ahmadinejad served himself as a mayor of Tehran. His achievement in enhancing the traffic system and emphasizing on charity such as distributing free soup to the poor pave him the way to be one of 65 finalist world mayor in 2005. Interestingly, from 550 nominees, only nine of them from Asia include Ahmadinejad.

Ahmadinejad's life impress many people

Meanwhile, Jokowi, the current Indonesian president has experienced task as a mayor for two times, first in Surakata and second in Jakarta. Serving for 9 million residents, which is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, Jokowi has introduced many policies and approaches such as visiting poor area through Jakarta, inaugurating Jakarta MRT, initiating programs aimed towards transparency, improving education and welfare system. On 18 October 2014, he has been chosen as the cover for Time magazine.

Jokowi, popular among poor people

Those persons remind me about one of the famous caliphs in Islamic history, which was Umar Abdul Aziz. Apart from his character as a pious leader and in-depth knowledge in Islam, his best performance in coping with poverty could not be deniable. Even his leadership only two years but record showed that there were no poor who qualified for zakat at that time. Interestingly, according to history, Umar Abdul Aziz also has governed Madina province before appointed as a Caliph.

All in all, one could not deny that leadership must be proved by dynamic work. Being a mayor maybe a good position show leadership qualification before becoming as the county’s leader.